Sonlight 2 World History Hands On Activities - B
Weeks 19 through 36
compiled from various sources by Susan in NY

Wk 19: Need a craft for this week! 
TABOULEH 
2/3 cup bulgur wheat 
1/2 cup fresh mint, chopped 
1-1/2 cups fresh parsley, chopped 
1 large tomato, diced 
1 medium cucumber, peeled, seeded and diced 
2/3 cup green onions, chopped 
1/4 cup extra virgin olive oil 
1/3 cup fresh lemon juice 
pinch of salt 
Soak bulgur wheat in cold water for 2 hours (or as directed 
on package). Drain well, squeezing out any excess water. 
Mix all ingredients together in large bowl. Cover and chill. 
Serve tabouleh mounded on a bed of lettuce, accompanied 
by extra lettuce leaves, lemon wedges and warm pita bread 

Wk 20: Viking games at http://www.viking1000.org/game/game1.html 
Make Ponnukokur (Iceland pancakes) 
You will need: 3 eggs, 2 cups milk, 1 cup flour, ½ tsp. salt, ½ tsp. vanilla, 
1 tbsp. sugar, 4 tbsp. butter or margarine. 
1.Combine all ingredients in electric blender; blend for a few seconds. Heat 
6 or 8 inch Teflon sauté pan. 
2. Butter slightly. Pour in 2 tbsp. butter. Tilt pan to coat bottom of pan. 
3. Fry until lightly browned, turn. 
4. Keep warm in folded towel in warm oven. 
5. Serve with fresh fruit. 

Wk 21: Feast on grilled turkey legs, Make Pretzels and a castle 
Pretzels were first given to children as rewards for learning to say their prayers 
correctly. 
To make pretzels you will need: 1 package dry yeast, 1 cup warm water, ¼ cup 
sugar, 2 tsp. shortening, 2 eggs, 4 cups flour, 2 tbsp. water, salt, sesame seeds. 
Grease a cookie sheet with shortening. 
Put the warm water and yeast in a bowl and stir until the yeast dissolves. Stir in the 
sugar, salt, shortening, 1 egg, and 2 cups of the flour. Mix until the batter is smooth. 
Add the rest of the flour. Mix it with your hands to make a nice dough. Divide into 
2 equal pieces. Then, divide each piece into 8 lumps. 
Roll each lump between your hands to make a thin rope about 20 inches long. 
Arrange the ropes on the cookie sheet in a pretzel shape. 
Cover the pretzels with paper towels and let them sit for 30 minutes until they 
double in size. 
Bake in a 370-degree oven for about 15 minutes. This will make 16 pretzels. 
Beat the last egg with 2 tbsp. of water. Brush this mixture on top of the pretzels 
with a pastry brush. Sprinkle them with salt and sesame seeds. 

To make a castle you will need cans, cereal boxes, oatmeal boxes, construction 
paper, glue, and toothpicks. 
Cover the cans and boxes with gray construction paper. Use a black marker to 
make "blocks" on the paper. 
2. Cut the construction paper in a "dental moulding" design to put on top of the 
cans. This will give the block design you see at the tops of castles. 
3. Cut a piece of construction paper in a circle, then cut a slice from the outer 
edge to the center (the radius) so you can form a cone shape. 
4. Glue cone shape to top of cans to make castle side. 
5. Cut a small triangle from a piece of construction paper for your castles flag. 
6. Glue to the top of the toothpick and place at the top of you castle. 
Use you imagination! You can build these as simple or extravagant as you like! 

Wk 22: Marbled Paper and Warrior Greaves 
Marbled Paper was used in book-making around this time. To make marbled 
paper you will need: chalk in a variety of colors, water, potato peeler, 8-inch 
cake pan, newspaper, pencil, 8 ½ by 11 inch sheets of paper. 
Pour water into cake pan until the water is about an inch deep. 
Hold the chalk over the water and use the peeler to scrape the chalk. Let the 
powdery chalk dust settle on the top of the water. Keep scraping chalk, using 
several different colors. 
When the top of the water is covered with a thin layer of chalk dust, swirl the 
water gently with a pencil. 
Cut the paper in halves or quarters. Lay a piece flat down on the top of the 
water. The chalk will stick to it in the pattern that looks like a marble. 
Lift the edges and lay it on a piece of newspaper to dry. 

Warrior greaves were an important piece of amour. They were worn on the 
lower legs to protect them during battle! 
To make these you will need: saran wrap, bowl of water, plaster, bandages, 
sheet of paper, scissors, cord, silver paint, paintbrush. 
Loosely cover both of your lower legs (from your ankle to the top of your knee) 
with saran wrap. 
Soak each plaster bandage in water. Working from one side of your leg to another, 
smooth the bandages over the front of each leg. 
Carefully remove each greave. Set them on some paper. Dampen some paper 
towels and use them to smooth the greaves down. Leave them to dry. 
Trim the edges of the greaves with scissors to make them look neat. Measure 4 
lengths of cord to fit around your leg, below the knee and above the ankle. 
Turn the greaves face down. Lay the cord in place at the point where you want to 
tie them to your leg. Fix them into place with wet bandages. 
Leave the plaster bandages to dry with the cord in place. Now paint each greave 
with silver paint. Once they are dry- tie them on! 

Wk 23: Make Mazourka (Russian Walnut Cake) and an Abacus 
For the Mazourka you will need: 9 eggs, separated, 2 cups sugar, 3 cups flour, 
1 lb. Ground walnuts, ½ lb. Candied fruit peel (ground up) 2 tbsp. lemon juice. 
Beat egg yolks in bowl, add sugar and beat well. Beat egg whites in a separate 
bowl until stiff, but not dry and fold into yolk mixture carefully. 
Add flour, walnuts, candied fruit and lemon juice, mixing lightly 
Preheat oven to 325 degrees. Butter a flat pan, about 8 X 12 inches and dust
 lightly with flour. 
Pour mixture into pan. Bake at 325 degrees for 30 minutes. 
Dust with powdered sugar. The resulting cake will be about 1-inch high and 
should be served in long, thin slices. 
To make an Abacus you will need: cardboard, ruler, pencil, scissors, wood 
glue and brush, masking tape, self-drying clay, cutting board, 11 wooden 
dowels measuring 30cm X 0.5cm, paintbrush, water pot, brown paint. 
You will need to cut the cardboard into the following pieces to make the 
abacus frame: 
(2) side A 32cm X 3cm 
(2) side B 16cm X 3cm 
(1) base 32cm X 16cm 
(1) divider 30cm X 3cm 
1. Glue sides A and B to the base to make a shallow box. 
2. Hold the edges with masking tape until they dry. 
3. Roll the clay into a 2cm diameter sausage. Cut it into 77 small, flat beads. 
4. Make a hole through the center of each bead with a dowel. 
5. Make 11 evenly spaced holes in the divider. Thread a dowel through each hole. 
6. Paint all the abacus parts. Let it dry. 
7. Thread 7 beads on to each dowel rod—2 on the upper side of the divider, 5 
on the lower. Carefully fit the beads and rods into the main frame. 
8. Each upper bead on the abacus equals 5 lower beads in the same column. 
Each lower bead is worth 10 of the lower beads in the column to its right. 
9. Here is a simple sum. To calculate 5+3, first move down one upper bead 
(from the top right section) This bead is worth 5. Then move 3 lower beads 
in the same column up (each worth 1) 

Wk 24: Rent movie "Riki-Tikki-Tavi" and Make Paper 
Murasaki Shikibu wrote the world's first novel "Tale of Genji" in about AD1000. 
The personality of a Japanese writer was judged by the type of paper they used. 
To make paper you will need: 8 pieces of wood (4 X 33cm and 4 X 28cm), 
nails, hammer, muslin (35cm X 30cm), staple gun, electrical tape, scissors, torn 
up paper, water bowl, masher, water tub, flower petals, spoon, soft cloths. 
Ask an adult to make 2 frames (use 2 short and 2 long pieces of wood for each 
so you get 2 frames the same size). Use staple gun to assemble. 
Staple stretched muslin onto one frame. 
Reinforce this frame by taping electrical tape all around the edges. This is now 
your "screen". 
Put the frame and screen to the side. 
Soak paper scraps overnight in water. Mask into a pulp with a potato masher. 
It should look like porridge. 
Half-fill the water tub with the pulp and cold water. You could add a few 
flower petals for decoration. Mix well with the spoon. 
Place the screen with the frame on top into the washing bowl. As the frame 
and the screen enter the water, scoop under the pulpy mixture. 
Pull the screen out of the pulp, keeping it level. Gently move it from side to side 
over the water tub to allow a layer of pulp to form. Shake the water off. 
Take the frame off the screen. Carefully lay the screen face down on a cloth. Mop 
the back of the screen with a cloth to get rid of excess water. 
Peel away the screen. Leave the paper to dry for at least 6 hours. When dry, turn 
over and gently peel away the cloth to reveal your beautiful paper! 

Wk 25: Make Quesillo and an Aztec Feather Fan 
Quesillo you will need: ¾ quart frozen pineapple juice, 3 cups sugar, 12 eggs, 
½ cup raisins. 
Boil pineapple juice and sugar together until about a pint of syrup remains. 
Reserve 1 cup syrup. 
Beat eggs until light and fluffy; add remaining syrup; add raisins. 
Pour into a 2-quart mold. Place mold in a pan of water. 
Bake at 350 degrees for 1 hour or until done. Cool. 
Place on a platter; pour reserved syrup over custard. Garnish with pineapples. 
Aztec Feather Fan you will need: pencil, thick cardboard, scissors, thin red 
cardboard, green paper, double-sided tape, feathers (real or paper) masking tape, 
paints, paintbrushes, colored felt, PVA glue, sticky tape, colored yarn, bamboo 
cane (or dowel rod) 
Draw two rings about 45cm in diameter and 8cm wide on thick cardboard. 
Make another ring the same size from the thin red cardboard. 
Cut lots of green leaf shapes from the green paper. Stick them around the edge of 
one thick cardboard ring using double sided tape. Add some real or paper feathers. 
Cut two circles about 12cm in diameter from the thin red cardboard. These are for 
the center of the fan. 
Paint a flower on one of the 12cm circles and a butterfly on the other. 
Cut V-shapes from the felt and glue them all the way around the large red 
cardboard ring. 
Cut some yarn pieces 30cm in length. 
Lay the small red circle with the flower painted on it face down. 
Lay the pieces of yarn across the circle in "bicycle spoke" fashion. (kind of 
dividing it like a pizza) Tape the yarn down on the red circle. 
Now place the red circle in the center of the ring with leaves. Tape the lengths 
of yarn to the outer ring to look like spokes. 
Coat the ring with PVA glue (I have NO idea what kind of glue this is—maybe 
ask your craft store!) and place the second cardboard ring on top—putting the 
bamboo cane in between. 
Use double-sided tape to stick the second red circle, face up, in the center. 
Glue the red ring with felt V-shapes on top of the second cardboard ring. 

Wk 26: Make Torrejas de choclo and a Loom for Weaving 
Torrejas de choclo 
(Tour-aye-haws day Choh-cloh)are fresh corn pancakes, easier to make than to spell. 
Everybody loves these, even kids. 
3cups corn kernels 
¼cup milk or water 
2egges (optional) 
1cup crumbled cheese 
oil or butter for frying 
BLEND corn and milk or water until liquid. BLEND in eggs until frothy. 
STIR in cheese. The batter should re resemble lumpy pancakes. HEAT a greased 
skillet. SPOON 2 tablespoons of batter into hot skillet for each torreja. FRY 
until browned and solidified, about 2 minutes. GREASE and adjust temperature 
of skillet as necessary. Serve hot or keep warm in an oven. 

Torrejas with Herbs 
Are prepared as above by adding 2 Tablespoons fresh cilantro a/o parsley 
with the eggs. Try adding any of your favorite herbs. 

To make a loom you will need: paintbrush, water-based paint, 2 dowel rods 
about 70cm long, string, scissors, thick cardboard, masking tape, colored yarn. 
Paint the 2 dowel rods brown. Leave them to dry. 
Tie string to each dowel at one end, and wind it around the dowel, spiral 
fashioned. Leave a length of loose string at each end. 
Cut a piece of thick cardboard about 70cm X 100cm. This is a temporary base. 
Lightly tape the stringed dowels to it at the shorter sides with masking tape. 
Now take some yellow yarn and thread the yarn through the string loops on the 
dowel rod and pull the yarn up to the other end of the loom. Try to keep the yarn 
taut. This is making the base for you to weave through. Continue doing this until 
you get to the other end of your dowel rod. Tie off the yarn. 
Cut a rectangle of thick cardboard about 30cm X 3.5cm. This is your "shed rod."  
Carefully slide it through every other thread on your loom. Turn your shed rod 
on its side. This will lift the threads up. 
Now cut another small rectangle from the thick cardboard. Cut one end into 
a point. Wind red yarn around it. This will be your "shuttle". 
Tie one end of your red yarn to the yellow yarn. Feed the shuttle of red yarn 
through the lifted threads. 
When you get to the other side, lay the shed rod flat. Use the pointed end of 
your shuttle to pick up each alternate yellow thread. 
Thread the shuttle through these. Continue until your weave is as big as you 
want it, then tie off the ends and cut it from the loom. 

Wk 27: Character study on Leonardo daVinci. 
This man was a painter, sculptor, architect, musician, engineer, inventor and 
scientist! Paint a fresco! Buy some plaster of paris and pour it into a small 
disposable foil cake pan and let it dry overnight. Show your kids "The Last 
Supper" fresco from a library book. Have them paint on the plaster and let it 
dry. The colors change slightly as the plaster absorbs it. Very cool! 

Wk 28: Dye a Shirt , Make a Trencher and Baked Apples 
Colonists gathered plants to make dye to color their clothing. Walnut shells were 
used fir brown, berries for blue or red, poplar leaves for yellow and flowers for 
yellow or blue. Onion skins were used to create a soft shade of yellow. 
To dye a shirt you will need: yellow-brown papery outer layers from 6 onions 
(ask the grocery store for some when the bins are cleaned-he'll probably give 
you some) , large pot, water, slotted spoon, measuring spoons, white all cotton 
t-shirt or socks. 
Put onion skins in the pot and cover with water. Heat to a boil and simmer 20 minutes. 
Scoop out the onion skins. Heat the water again and drop the T-shirt or socks 
into the hot dye bath. 
To set the dye so it won't wash out, add 2 tbsp. of white vinegar to the dye bath. 
Turn off the heat and let the shirt soak in the dye for about an hour. 
Wring the clothing out and put it in a sink or pan of cool water to rinse. Wring 
out the clothing and let dry. 
The color will depend on how many skins were used and how diluted the dye was. 

Trenchers: Early colonists didn't have dinner plates so they carved rectangular 
bowls and plates out of chunks of wood. These were called "trenchers". To 
make your own trencher, cut a cantelope in half and dig out a space big enough 
to eat you baked apples out of! 

Baked Apples: Colonists brought many apple seeds with them to their new land. 
Apple orchards were planted right away. You will need 4 large apples, ¼ cup 
brown suagar, 1 tbsp. ground cinnamon, butter, ¾ cup hot water, 2 tbsp. sugar. 
Preheat oven to 375 degrees. Wash the apples and cut out the core. Use a knife 
and a spoon to scoop out the center. Don't cut through the bottom of the apple. 
Spoon the brown sugar into the center hole of each apple. Sprinkle cinnamon in 
the centers, too. Put a thin slice of butter on top. 
Put the apples in a baking pan and pour the hot water in the bottom of the pan. 
Bake for 1 hour. 

Wk 29: Make a colonial wig and rent movie "Ammadeus" 
(you may want to view this movie FIRST. The beginning has a graphic scene 
and the middle has a few unappropriate slurs—but my children LOVED this 
movie—no kidding! 
Not only did gentlemen wear wigs, but children, servants, prisoners, tailors, 
sailors, and soldiers wore them, too! By 1716, nearly everyone wore a wig! 
You will need: 1 pair of white hose or tights, scissors, rubber band, plastic wrap, 
polyester fiberfill quilt batting, ruler, craft glue, 1 ribbon 12 to 24 inches long. 
Cut the legs off the tights and fasten the opening together with a rubber band. 
Turn inside out and place this on your head. Adjust the band until it fits, then 
remove the tights. 
Wrap plastic wrap over your hair (to protect it from the glue) and then place 
the tights back on your head. 
Spread the batting on a table. Cut a piece about 12 X 24 inches. 
Ask someone to help you glue the batting to the headpiece you made from the 
tights. Apply dots of glue on the headpiece along the front and center. 
Press the batting in place. Gently shape it when dry by bringing the sides back 
and tying them in a ponytail with the ribbon. 
Make curls out of the remaining batting by cutting long strips, rolling them up, 
and gluing them to the sides of the wig. 

Wk 30: Japanese Shell Game, Picture Printing 
Shell Game you will need: fresh clams, water bowl, paintbrush, gold paint, 
white paint, black paint, red paint, green paint, water pot. 
Have adult boil the clams. Allow them to cool and remove the insides. Wash 
the shells and leave them to dry. When dry, paint the shells gold. 
Carefully pull each pair of shells apart. Now paint an identical design on to 
each of a pair of clam shells. Start by painting a white round face. 
Add features to the face. In the past, popular pictures, such as scenes from the 
Tale of Genji , were painted onto the shell pairs. 
Paint several pairs of clam shells with various designs. Make sure that each 
pair of shells has an identical picture. Leave the painted shells to dry. 
Turn all your shells face down and mix them all up. Turn over one shell and 
challenge your opponent to pick the matching shell to yours. 
If the two shells do not match, turn them over and try again. If they do match, 
your opponent takes the shells. Take it in turns to challenge each other. 

Picture Printing became popular during this time. They used wood to make 
the blocks to print from. We will use carrots and potatos. 
Cut the ends off a carrot to give a flat surface to begin on. Also, cut the potato 
in half for the same reason. 
Using various kitchen tools, carve out a design on the flat surface of the carrot 
and potato. It could be a leaf shape, flower, swirls, anything. 
When you have the design completed, dip it into a small dot of paint and 
"stamp" onto a piece of paper. 

Wk 31: Muppets Treasure Island Movie and make a Pirate's Map 
You will need: pieces of paper, teabags, candle or lighter, tape, cardboard tube 
(or make a tube from construction paper) gold paint, black felt tip pen. 
Boil 1 cup of water. Add 2 teabags and let stand until strong brew. 
Crumble up the paper so it looks old. Submerse in the tea for a few minutes until 
it takes on a pale brown color. 
Flatten out paper to dry. 
When paper has dried, have parent burn edges of paper with a candle or lighter. 
Draw a treasure map on the paper with a felt tip marker. Add funny landmarks 
such as "Ye Olde McDonalds" or "Burnt Down Schoolhouse". 
Roll up and insert into a cardboard tube that has been painted gold to look like 
a telescope. 

Wk 32: Make a hot air balloon 
You will need: newspaper cut into strips, glue, water, 1 balloon, string, paint, 
small produce basket (the type strawberries come in) 
Blow up the balloon to the desired size of your hot air balloon. 
Make a glue solution of ½ glue, ½ water. 
Begin by dipping a piece of newspaper strip in the glue solution. Then lay in 
on the balloon. Keep doing this, layer the newspaper strips, until the entire 
balloon is covered. 
Leave balloon to dry. 
Cut 4 lengths of string or colored yarn 18 to 24 inches in length. Tie one end of 
each string to each corner of the produce basket. 
Pop the balloon and pull pieces out of hardened newspaper shell. Paint your 
balloon brightly with the paints. 
Bring up the four strings and begin to tie a knot. This will create a "cradle" for 
the balloon to lay in. Secure with tape on the sides. 
Bring the 4 strings around the balloon, equally from eachother, to hold the 
balloon in place. Hang hot air balloon from the ceiling for the full effect. 

Wk 33: Make a bear claw necklace to trade and read about Dr. Livingstone 
You can make the "bear claws in one of two ways. You can cut out a bear claw 
shape from a plastic milk jug (kind of a half moon shape with a rounded end 
with a hole punched through so you can string them onto your necklace) OR 
you can make salt dough claws. 
Salt dough you will need: 4 cups flour, 1 ½ cups water, 1 cup salt. Mix the 
ingredients together for about 5 minutes, until the dough is soft and pliable. 
Shape it into claws. Poke with a skewer through one end to make holes for 
stringing. Bake at 250 degrees until they are hard. Let them cool and paint 
them brown. To make them shiny, coat with an acrylic finish, acrylic floor 
wax, or clear nail polish. 
You will need: Yarn or cording, macaroni, drinking straws, fake fur or cotton 
balls, scissors, glue. 
String your claws onto a piece of yarn or cord, spacing them apart with 3 pieces 
of macaroni between each. You can use short pieces cut from drinking straws, too. 
Small rectangles of fake fur can be strung between the claws. Cut shapes from 
fake fur fabric, fold the pieces in half, and glue together over the necklace cord. 
When you are finished, knot the ends together. 

Wk 34: Count in Russian, Listen to Tchaikovsky, make Blinchiki 
Count in Russian 
1 ah-DEEN 	6 shayst 
2 dva 		7 seeaym 
3 tree 		8 VO-seeaym 
4 chih-TEE-reh 9 DYEH-veht 
5 p'yaht 	10 DYEH-seht 
Peter Tchaikovsky, the first Russian composer to gain world wide notoriety, 
wrote symphonies, operas, piano solos, and ballets. He is best known for his 
ballets-Nutcracker, Swan Lake and Sleeping Beauty. Share a recording of 
Sleeping Beauty as performed by L'Orchestre de la Suisse Romande with the 
voice over by Claire Bloom (Caedmon, 1980) 

Blinchiki 
You will need: 2 tbsp. flour, 1 tbsp. sugar, ½ tsp. baking powder, 2 eggs, milk, 
¼ tsp. butter. 
Filling: 1 carton creamed cottage cheese, drained, ¾ cup sugar, 1 tsp. nutmeg, 
1 tsp. vanilla. 
Mix the dry ingredients for the pancakes. Add eggs and mix to a paste. 
Dribble in enough milk to make batter consistency of sweet cream. 
Heat 8-inch skillet with butter. 
Drop just enough batter in skillet to thinly cover bottom. 
Quickly drain off excess batter. 
Fry on one side until pancake bubbles; cool. 
Combine the filling ingredients, mixing well. 
Place a heaping tablespoon of cheese filling in center of brown side of pancake. 
Fold like an envelope and roll. May be frozen at this stage. 
When ready to serve, brown in sizzling sweet butter. 
Serve with sour cream and jam or fresh fruit. 

Wk 35: Make confederate and union flags from felt 
You will need: ½ yard red felt, ½ yard white felt, ¼ yard blue felt, scissors, 
ruler, glue, (2) ¼ inch dowel rods, upholstery tacks, star pattern, books with 
pictures of confederate and union flags in it. 
Cut the red felt in half. This will give you 2 flags approximately 18 X 30. 
Start with the confederate flag and draw and cut out the blue criss-cross lines, 
about 3 inches wide and glue down. 
While the blue felt is drying, cut the thinner white felt, about 1 inch wide, that 
outlines the blue criss-cross. Glue down. 
Make a star pattern for the 13 stars on the flag. Cut out and glue on flag. 
For union flag, cut 7 white strips 18 inches X just less than 1 ½ inches tall. 
Glue them down on the flag, starting with white on top. This will auto matically 
create the alternating stripes! 
Cut a piece of blue felt about 12 X 10 ½ inches. This is your blue field for the 
50 stars. Glue into place. 
For the 50 stars, you could make a stamp and stamp 50 white stars, or you 
could design a star pattern and cut them all out, whichever you want. 
When flags are all complete, lay left edge on the dowel rod and secure with 
upholstery tacks. 

Wk 36: Paper bag vest, Davy Crockett study 
(Childhood of Famous Americans series) 
You will need: Large brown paper bag, yarn, scissors, stapler, paints or 
colored markers, tape, hole punch. 
Open bag and stand it upside down on the table. Cut straight up the middle 
of one side and continue until you reach the top ( bag bottom). Now cut a circle 
out. This will be your vest neckline. 
Cut out 2 circles at the sides for arm openings. 
Pull up the shoulders and reinforce with staples. You may need to trim off some 
of the bottom of the vest, too if it's too long. 
Decorate the bag with geometrical designs or flowers. 
Cut fringe along the bottom edge. 
To add a tie at the neck, reinforce both of the front neck edges with tape, and 
then punch two holes and thread a piece of yarn through it. 

http://www.redshift.com/~bonajo/art_history.htm 
http://members.home.com/lrkdcook/sonlight.htm